Essay 1

Early history

Satellite is the vehicle that flies in space to perform a specific task. Satellites have different tasks, some of them used for communications service such as satellite NileSat or used for remote sensing such as KitSat or used to serve scientific research such as Geos, and many other tasks.

Robert Goddard was one of the first explorers to the idea of ​​satellites. Born in 1882, and died in 1945. He finished his studies at Clark University with Doctoral degree. He held many research to improve the propellant rockets, and furthermore proved to the world that the principle was valid by firing the world's first successful propellant rocket on March 16, 1926.

In 1955, USA and the Soviet Union (former) announced their plans about launching satellites that carry scientific measuring devices, starting from July 1957. On the 4th of October 1957, the world was stunned and amazed when the Soviet Union succeeded in launching the first satellite ever (Sputnik). United States responded immediately by trying to launch its first satellite in 1957 but unfortunately it failed, then they succeeded in doing so in 1958 with the launch of Explorer 1 satellite. Furthermore, various space satellite where send to space in order to accomplish different tasks such as military, communications, scientific exploration and edge science.

Development

The use of satellites in the field of communications began in 1962 while TV programs in America, France and Britain were watched at the same time. The first satellite to broadcast from space is called "Telstar", contacted through the establishment of large antennas in the northern United States, which enabled the satellite to zoom these signals ten million times before re-broadcast to Earth to receive her receiving antennas in both England and France. And this pilot television service was assigned for less than an hour because of the movement of the satellite away from the imaginary line of sight, which sent a signal from the earth. This has introduced upgrades continuing in the sixties on this technology and took advantage of the television industry to use this technology until it was transferred proceedings of the Olympics held in Tokyo in 1964 to all over the world via satellite reserve Telstar, which preached the beginning of a new era for international television, especially since the launch of the most sophisticated satellite has begun to dribble in a series of "Intelsat" that allowed international communications and large-scale of data transfer to include computer-mail, telephone and radio communications, weather monitoring or even many other uses .

The first launch occurred in 1967 of the second generation of satellites, "Intelsat" above the Atlantic that made contact with two-thirds of the globe.

The third generation between 1968-1970, which was located above the Pacific and Indian Oceans have already contacted each hemisphere. And had been added to the international contact via Intelsat satellites and other satellites on a regional level in Canada, India, France and the Arab satellite, which was launched in 1985.

Modern developments

According to the overall development that verify the implementation of the ideas of the Physicist Arthur Clark, which states that three satellites can cover the entire surface of the earth if they in a static orbit and at higher of 30,000 km. As already launched three satellites (Intel Sat 1) over the Atlantic Ocean in 1965, then (Intel Sat 2) over the Pacific Ocean in 1967, and finally (Intel Sat 3) over the Pacific in 1968. “Over the next few years, some $50 billion will be spent on new satellite communications systems” (Evans, A.2010). This will facilitate the services that provided by the satellite and develop it.

603 words

References

Bellis, M. (2011, October 4). The History of Satellites - Sputnik I. Inventors. Retrieved April 24, 2013, from http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blsatellite.htm

Evans, A. (2010, June 9). The future of satellite communications. The McKinsey Quarterly. Retrieved April 24, 2013, from http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.hct.ac.ae/docview/224541273?accountid=1215

Eye in the Sky--Earth, environment. (n.d.). Inspiring People to Care About the Planet since 1888. Retrieved April 25, 2013, from http://www.nationalgeographic.com/eye/satellites.html

Renee, D. (2007, June 11). The use of satellite-based technology in developing countries. DSpace. Retrieved April 25, 2013, from http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/46371

Satellite - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (2013, April 23). Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved April 24, 2013, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite

Stillman, D. (2011, June 16). NASA - What Is a Satellite?. NASA - Home. Retrieved April 24, 2013, from http://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/k-4/stories/what-is-a-satellite-k4.html

APA formatting by BibMe.org.